TESTING_FAQ'S

TESTING COMMON INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1) Define reliability?

Reliability tells how reliable the software is For how much time it will be available under working environment, how much time it will take to recover from crashes, how safe the data is etc.

2) What is Bug Tracking Process, Reporting, Re-testing and Debugging?

First step: Bug finding

Second Step: Bug Reporting

Third Step: Bug De-bugging (fixing)

Fourth Step: Re verification of the reported bug (Regression)

This is the process of Bug cycle

3) What is Scalability Testing? Which tool is used?

Scalability Testing: Is the one to test whether the application is handling the expected load as per customer requirements or not...

We can use these tools Load Runner; Win runner, Astray, Rational Robot for scalability testing.

4) What is the difference between an exception and an error?

Exception: Exception as the name suggests anything that is unusual. For e.g. if I try to delete a file which doesn't exist then it is an exception.

Error: Error is caused if something is wrong with the program. For e.g. a syntax error, logical error or runtime error.

5) What is the difference between bug and defect?

Any mistake in the program is error

And this error was found by tester during testing it becomes defect

And this reported defect was fixed by developer to resolve then defect becomes bug.

6) What is Traceability Matrix? Is there any interchangeable term for Traceability Matrix?Are Traceability Matrix and Test Matrix same or Different?

Traceability matrix is nothing but tracing the id's right from the Requirement spec id till defect id such as tracking the specified defect if for that specified requirement id.

OR

Traceability Matrix is the correct term. This is a document which traces the requirements to its corresponding test case. Traceability matrix can be made more elaborate by tracing the requirements to the design to the code to the test cases. In this way we can come to know which requirement change will affect which part of the design and which part of the code and the test case. Usually this is an excel sheet.

7) What is difference between test plan and use case

Test plan: It contains introduction to the Client Company, scope, overview of the application, test strategy, schedule, roles and responsibilities, deliverables and milestones.

Use Case: It is nothing but user action and system response. It contains the flows typical flow, alternate flow and exceptional flow. Apart from these it also has a pre condition and post condition.

8) What is Red Box Testing? What is Yellow Box Testing? What is Grey Box Testing?

Grey box testing is a combination of black and white box testing, where tester will test both the build and the internal code with some knowledge and understanding over it.

I have read in one website that,

Checking Warning messages--Yellow box testing

Checking Error messages--Red box testing

I am not sure why they are called yellow box and red box testing. But I think this warning messages and error messages are the part of application/system in black box environment. If some parts of error messages and warning messages are not covered in black box, I am sure they can be covered either in white box or grey box testing.

I am assuming that, if we check only for error messages than it is called as red box testing. Red resembles danger and unexpected error message is also danger to application or product. In the same way assume for yellow box testing also :-))

9) What is log sheet? And what are the components in it?

A log sheet can be called as Defect Tracking Format, Bug Reporting Format.

They components in that are.

Defect Id.

Description.

Build version Id.

Feature.

Test case.

Severity.

Priority.

Producible->YES/No

If yes->attach in Test procedure.

IF No-> attach Test procedure and snapshot.

Detected by.

Detected on.

Assigned To.

Suggested fix-> It is optional

10) What is mean Test Environment? What is meant by DB installing and configuring and deploying skills?

Test Environment: It is nothing but Software, Hardware components to execute our tests smoothly.

DB installing is nothing but installing DB on server/System.

Configuring here refers to giving access (connectivity) to user.

Deploying: It means installing the software on the server; as such it will be available to all.

11) What is the difference between test techniques and test methodology?

Testing techniques is a way testing technique (security testing, functional testing etc) to be applied on project and and it will inform to testers by test lead

Test methodology or test strategy is a document prepared by Test Manager and it contains an approach to be followed by testing team during testing (egg: test factors, scope, use of testing tools for the project etc)

12) What is difference between a Test Plan, a Test Strategy, a Test Scenario, and a Test Case? What’s their order of succession in the STLC?

Test Plan: Test plan is a Document, developed by the Test Lead, which contains "What to Test”,” How to Test", "When to Test", "Who to Test".

Test Strategy: Test Strategy is a Document, developed by the Project manager, which contains what type of technique to follow and which module to test.

Test Scenario: A name given to Test Cases is called Test Scenario. This Test Scenario was deal byte Test Engineer.

Test Cases: It is also document audit specifies a Testable condition to validate functionality. These Test Cases are deal by the Test Engineer

Order of STLC:

Test Strategy, Test Plan, Test Scenario, Test Cases.

13) What is Multi Unit Testing?

To the test different modules and combine together as component or module is called as multi unit testing

14) What is the difference between a defect and an enhancement?

Defect: It is found by the test engineer while test an application of the window.

Enchancement: It is soft copy of the application send to the tester by the developer for the defect solve on particular module.

15) What is the difference between end to end testing...?

End to End testing: To test scale a complete application in a situation that minics real word use, such as interacting with a data base, using network communication, or,interacting with other hardware, application, or system. System testing: Is process of attempting to demonstrate that program .it done meet original requirements and objects as stated in the requirement specification It is done by the test group before release product to the customer.

16) What is the difference between walkthrough and inspection?

Walk through: A walk through is an informal meeting for evaluation. Little or no preparation is usually required.

Inspection: An inspection is more formalized than a walk through typically with 3-8 people including a moderator, reader, and a recorder to takes notes.

17) What is the difference between system testing and end-to-end testing?

System testing: System testing is the process of attempting to demonstrate that a program. Is performed by a testing group before the product is made available to customers. It can begin after unit and Integration testing.

End to end testing: end to end testing is mainly functionality testing, to check whether all the components are involved properly to perform a complete transaction

18) What is the difference between test strategy and test scenario? Test strategy: Testing approach to be followed by the testing team. Test Scenario: Testing engineers selected reasonable the test case to reviewed for completeness and correctness. In this review meeting Test lead or project manager will be involved according the organization.

19) What is the difference between cmm level 5 companies and cmmi?

CMM: Developed by the SEI. It's a model of 5 levels of organizational 'maturity' that determine effectiveness in delivering quality software.

The model identifies five levels of process maturity for an organization:

1. Initial (chaotic, ad hoc, heroic) the starting point for use of a new process.

2. Repeatable (project management, process discipline) the process is used repeatedly.

3. Defined (institutionalized) the process is defined/confirmed as a standard business process.

4. Managed (quantified) process management and measurement takes place.

5. Optimizing (process improvement) process management includes deliberate process optimization/improvement.

Within each of these maturity levels are KPAs (Key Process Areas) which characterize that level, and for each KPA there are five definitions identified:


1. Goals

2. Commitment

3. Ability

4. Measurement

5. Verification

20) What is difference between QA, QCand testing?

QA- Giving guarantee to the client how much quality the product

QC- Get controlling each and every phase of product or software Testing - Operations involved whether an application is able to meet client requirements or not.

21) What is test bed?

Test bed is the environment, where the testing is supposed to be done. Setting up the hardware and software requirements before starting testing is known as tested.

22) What is the difference b/w template and document?

Template:

Template will define the Structure/Format

Document:

Filled Template with the proper Information

23) What is configuration management?

Configuration management is the system you use to track multiple developments builds of the software so that confusion is avoided. Revision control, Change Control, and Release Control are important aspects of Configuration Management.

24) Can u ply tell what is mean by manual testing and how it is done?

Manual Testing is validating the software, functioning as per the requirement. This can be done only by understanding the requirement clearly. Giving input to the software manually and verifying the output.

25) What is deferred in defect life cycle?

New defect

>>open by T.L. /P.M.

>>If deferred >>

No>> fixed by developers >> retesting >> closed

Yes >> postponed for next version.

26) What is verification & validation?

Verification:

→ Before validation we have to do verification.

→comparing the customer document and our document to check whether it’s correct or not.

→It won't talk about the functionality of the screen.

→whether the screen is designed to the customer requirement or not.

Validation:

→ Running the application and test the application

→ Testing the s/w functionality whether it is working or not.

→ whether the s/w is supporting the customer requirement or not.

27) What is test phase?

Test Phases are

Test Plan

Test Design

Test execution

Defect Tracking & Test Report

28) What is difference between web application and client server application?

Web application:-In this we don't have much control over the application.-Application is loaded on the server whose location is May Or may not be known and no exe is installed in client Machine. You have to test different browsers.-Web applications are supposed to be test on different Browser and OS platforms.-web application is mainly tested for browser Compatability, OS compatability, error handling, static Pages, backend testing and load testing Client-server application:-in this we have to test different components-Application is loaded on server while the application exe On every client server.-we have to test broadly categories like GUI testing on Sodes, functionality, load, client-server Interaction, back end-this environment is mainly used on intranet network.-we are aware of no of clients and servers and their Location in the test scenarios.

29) When you carry on test design?

When Screen shots are ready we can write

RTM

Based on RTM we can write the Test Cases

OR

We can design the Test Cases.

30) What is Traceability Matrix? What is there in that and what will u do with that?

Traceability matrix is the mapping between the requirements and Test cases.

Traceability matrix contains Requirement id, Test cases ids and number of test cases passed and failed.

Test Lead will prepare this Traceability matrix.

With the help of Traceability matrix we know whether the test cases are completed or not

Traceability Matrix Useful in following real-time situation

1. Decide the number of test cases is enough to test given module.

2. To Review the test cases

Traceability Matrix is a guiding and valuable document for testing.

31) What is the difference between Retesting and Data Driven Testing?

Retesting means checking the behavior of system for different sets of inputs.

One thing is important that system may behave differently for different i/p's.

Retesting is a manual procedure to check the system with different i/p's

If you come for Data Driven Testing also called DDT in a short form is automation method for testing application for different i/p's using win Runner or QTP tool.

Finally, In a nutshell retesting is manual process of testing application with different i/p's.

Data driven testing means testing the application with different types of inputs using an automated tool.

In DDT we supply inputs from flat files (note pad),

Database, excel sheel...etc

32) What is test scenario?

The test scenario is the situation prepared by the test team to execute a test case.

33) What is build duration?

it is a tine gap between old version build and new version build in new version build some new extra features are added

34) What are the non functional requirements?

Non- functional requirements are those which are not related to functionality of the application but related to UI requirements, Performance of the system, Project

Management, Shareware etc.

OR

Management people only define non functional requirements

relating to

. Standards to be maintained.

. Cost.

. Time.

. UI Interface, OS, Hardware, Additional features.

35) What is the difference between error, bug and defect?

I would like to give simple and easy answer for this question,

Error -A Fault in the program leads to error in program execution.

Defect-If the error caught by tester then it is called as defect.

Bug - If the defect is accepted by the development people then it is called as Bug.

Fault---->Error---->Defect---->Bug

Error may be generated due to syntax or symantic fault.

Different types of error are

1. Syntax errors

2. Symantic errors

3. Logical errors

4. Runtime errors...etc

All athe above errors will be occurred during white box testing of the application/product.

In Black Box testing main defects are

Requirement missing or

Wrongly interpreted requirements,

Misoperation of functionalities...etc.

36) What is the Difference between Stub Testing and Driver Testing?

Stub testing:

In top down approach, a core module is developed. To test that core module, small dummy modules r used. So stubs r small dummy modules that test the core module.

Driver testing:

In bottom up approach, small modules r developed. To test them a dummy core module called driver is developed.

37) What is hot fix?

Bug found at the customer place which has high priority.

38) What is the Driver in Integration testing...?

In Bottom Up approach, the Child modules are developed first. As the parent modules are developed, they are integrated with the Child modules to perform integration

Testing. In the process, if at all any parent module is missing, in order to continue the integration process, a temporary program (called as DRIVER) is submitted in the

place of parent module.

OR

Basically integration testing can done in two ways Top-down approach and Bottom up approaching top down approach we can use stubs. In bottom up approach we can use drivers for integrating the modules. Using drivers for each new module being tested

In integration with all lower-level modules.

e.g.: we need to integrate 3 A,B,C modules then by using this approach the lowest-level modules "B" and "C" are tested with drivers. Next, the higher-level module "A" is tested with a driver in integration with modules "B" and "C." Finally, integration could continue until the top-level module of the program is tested (with real input data) in integration with the entire program.

39) What is difference between boundary value analysis and Equivalence partioning?

Boundary value analysis is nothing but to check the max and min length of the field.

Equivalence partition is nothing but to check the valid and invalid data of the field.

1). what is Validation and Verification?

2. What is Severity and Priority? Give examples for:

Severity High and Priority High

Severity High and Priority low

Severity low and Priority high

Severity low and Priority low

3. What is Test Metrics?

4. What is Traceabily Matrix?

5. What is CAR in Cheque Remittance Project?

6. What are the tabs in the latest version of Test Director?

7. Explain Development "V" Model?

8. What will you do first when you are asked to start testing?

9. What will you do if you find a bug first time? Can I

directly report to the developer?

10. Can you connect Load Runner to Test Director?

Verification is the process to assure that, the product in particular phase of development process is consistence with the requirements

Validation is nothing but assuring that the final product satisfies the system requirements

Severity is nothing but how serious is the defect on the functionality

Priority is the importance of the defect to resolve interms of customers

severity high and priority high

e.g.: cannot connect to server high severity a date format high priory

Eg: incorrect output high severity looks of web page not good low priority

(I think u got an idea on severity and priority)

Test Metrics:

Metrics is nothing but measurement there are 3 types of measurement

QAM (Quality Assurance Measurement): This is used to test where quality is coming or not

TMM (Test Management Measurement): To find how much testing is completed and how is to test

PCM (Process Capability Measurement): Depending on old project any changes are required or not

Traceability matrix: defines the mapping between customer requirements to possible test cases developed to test that requirement

Sorry I have no idea on CAR

In TD we have Requirements tab

Test Plan Tab

Test Lab Tab

Defects

V-Model Stands for Verification and validation this defines mapping between multiple stages of development stages along with multiple stages of testing

40) What is testing life cycle please any one explains briefly?

Testing is included in SDLC.

• Preparing the test strategy.

• Preparing the test plan.

• Creating the test environment.

• Writing the test cases.

• Creating test scripts.

• Executing the test scripts.

• Analyzing the results and reporting the bugs.

• Doing regression testing.

• Test exiting.

41) what is pareto analysis?

It is an analysis to determine which problem requires more effort

42) what is meant by spiral model?

a) Spiracle model is nothing but version by version model

B) that is 1st version when completed after the hear UAT is done after go to the next version or build

c) This is very risk modal according to application developments companies.

d) The project has so many risks

e) And Client requirements also be changes continuously in the project

43) Can any one give the example for high severity high priority high severity low priority low severity high priority low severity low priority?

SEVERITY-1.SHOW STOPPER-UNINSTALL THE PRODUCT, DATA CORRUPTION.

2. HIGH-FUNCTION IS NOT WORKING ACC TO SPEC.

3. MEDIUM-INCORRECT DATA, INCORRECT MESSAGE ERROR.

4. LOW-MISSPELLINGS, INCORRECT GRAMMICTAL.

PRIORITY-1.SHOW STOPPER-IMMEDIATE FIX, VERY VISIBLE.

2. HIGH-MUST FIX BEFORE PRODUCT IS RELEASED.

MEDIUM-SHOULD FIX IF TIME PERMITS.

LOW-WOULD LIKE FIX BUT CAN RELEASE AS.

44) Difference between Aquaplane class partion and boundary value analysis?

Equalance partion is a method of black box testing.

for e.g. if the application is accept the values between 10 to 50.we are giving valid and invalid inputs to the system and check the status.

E.g. inputs valid: 25, 30

Invalid: 9, 60

Boundary value analyses also method of black box testing. In this case we r taking boundary values for e.g. in above e.g. upper boundary value is 50, and lower boundary value is 10.

inputs

Upper boundary 49, 51.

Lower boundary 9, 11

On boundary 10, 50

45) What is the diff between Functional and regression testing and do u execute same test case or write new one for regression

In functional test you (black box tester) check the major functionalities in his modules are working are not

in regression test u check the functionality on the modified built. if there is problem in the some module u reported the bug to the developer and after he fixing that issue u do regression testing on the modified built executing the same test cases depending on the modification done in modules most of the time u go for new test case but while doing regression testing you check that the modification done is not effecting any functionality which was working fine previously

46) Contents in Tracebility matrix?

A matrix which maps the development stages along with testing issues is called Traceability Matrix or Test Responsibility Matrix. This can be developed by the Project Manager.

The matrix is like this. There are 15 testing issues and 5 development stages.

Testing issues r development/SRS/Designing/coding/System Testing/Maintenance

Under testing issues r development the things r like this

Ease of use

Authorization

Access Control

Performance

here the project manager is going to map the testing issues to development stages.

So the test engineers while conducting testing they have to follow this TRM which was developed by Project Manager.

47) What is the difference between stress and load testing?

First of all, both testing are used for testing the performance of the application. More generally we can say that these are the techniques to perform PERFORMANCE TESTING.

In the LOAD testing we check the application for the volume of users at the peak level. For example say a application can afford 500 users at the peak time and this time remains for 5 hrs.then we'll test the application with 500 virtual users for 5 hrs. Keep it remember that the is performed in steps i.e. first we test the application for 5, 10, 50,100, 500 virtual users. And in this way we test

The application for specified number of users. In the STRESS Testing we test the application for beyond the specified limit (number of users). And check what the

Degradations take place before going to fail, how the system starts behaving????

LOAD and STRESS testing are almost two synonymous terms. The only difference is that in Load Testing we test for the SPECIFIED LIMIT and in Stress Testing for BEYOND THE LIMIT

48) What is the difference between test case and test scenario? Explain with example?

Test Case is a Step which has to be verified in order to test a Scenario.

Scenario is nothing but a series of test cases in order to verify one transactional cycle.

Ex: Scenario:

Verifying that a user is able to manage his e-mail inbox Such as view all messages, send a message, and manage Folders, logout...etc with a valid user login and password

test case:

is e-mail login page is displaying

is the user able to login using his login id and password

Is he able to view his inbox?

Is he able to delete unwanted -mails...etc

"But interviewer expects you to give examples related to your previous job."

49) What is software development Life Cycle (SDLC)? Where exactly the Testing activities begin in SDLC?

It is the steps followed to develop the application or software.

Steps are

1. Requirement Analysis

2. Design

3. coding

4. Testing

5. Implementation

6. Maintanance

Testing activity starts from the initial state i.e. from requirement analysis

50) What is White Box testing and who is responsible for white box testing?

Testing the application with the knowledge of the internal structure...it comes under white box testing...In General Developers are responsible for white box testing

51) What is agile testing, explain with example

Agile testing is dynamic approach for testing. In this testing requirement does not stable mean to say it keeps change according to customer so in this situation we need

to use dynamic approach for testing and this approach called Agile testing. These days almost companies are using Agile testing.

52) A application is given to you but the requirements and functionalities are missing what will you do to start the testing?

Generally this type of case u can go for adhoc testing or monkey testing.

Just go thru the whole application try to grap all the important functionalities check all the results as per Ur basic knowledge. Here in this case company wants u test how far Ur knowledge in the domain? How how far Ur mindset works. Try to catch all main and important functions and write test cases on it.

53) What are the types defect tracking tools?

Defect Tracking Tools

MS Excel sheet

Test Director

Bugzilla

Test Complete

54) What is the status of defect when the developer rejects the defect?

The status will be changed to Declined. Or Invalid

55) What is the VSS?

Visual source safe is a Microsoft product used for sharing exclusively……..

Initial step is to install vss in both server & in your machine

Then check out to enter vss, once u entered u can modify, append or delete any document (all the changes will be recorded in a history file)

After modification u checks in so that all the files are modified safely & saved…

This is the major usage of Vss

In any interview if they ask how u maintains documentation, just tell us r using vss……

56) What does smoke testing & sanity taste?

Sanity testing is an initial testing where the tester will check major functionality is working or not.

Smoke testing is similar to sanity testing but here checking the major functionality b/w two modules

57) what is diff b/w resting & regression testing?

conducting testing on the same build, is called retesting and

conducting testing on the modified build is called regression testing.

OR

One performs testing on already tested functionality with different sets of values in order to ensure that the defect is reproducible or the functionality is working fine is called retesting.

one perform testing on already tested functionality in 2 scenarios

1. Whenever a defect is raised by test angry and rectified by the developer then it is released to the testing department, once the next build is released to the testing

Dept, the test angry will perform testing and complete already tested functionality in order to ensure that the old functionality remains same.

2.whenever the new changes are added to the existing module, the test angry will perform testing on already tested functionality in order to ensure that its old functionality

Remains same.

58) What is User Acceptance testing and when u'll do this and who will do this testing. If u got any bug while doing UAT what would be the status of Severity and Priority?

As the name "user acceptance testing" tell us that it is related to clients/user, who use our software /application, or what ever we deliver them called as product. We provide them -their requirements, use cases, test cases and their result so that they will be ease of running that product. If in UAT any bug related to functionality the status of that bug will be major.

59) What is change request, how u use it

I think change request controlled by change request control board (CCB). If any changes required by client after we start the project, it has to come thru that CCB and they have to approve it. CCB got full rights to accept or reject based on the project schedule and cost.

60) Difference between GUI & Functional testing

Gui Testing: GUI testing is checking the aesthetic look of the application. Checking the skin, color, font i.e. look a d feel is appropriate or not.

Functionality Testing: Is testing the functionality of the application. Is all the modules are working as per the requirement?

61) Why does u put the bug status as differed? What does u mean by that exactly?

Differed is nothing but accepted but it is not possible to fix it in current release

What is main difference between Testing Techniques and Testing Methodology

Test Methodology: Its is the of development work flow, E.g., in my company am following the test methodology as 1.Requirement and analysis 2.Design 3.Coding 4.Testing 5.Bug Reporting 6.Bug Fixing 7.Tested and Closed 8.signing off.

Testing Techniques: Testing Techniques are not but Test case Design Techniques i.e., Equivalence class Partioning, Boundary value analysis, Error Guessing in Black box testing. Loop testing, statement testing, branch testing, and condition testing in white box.

62) What is the bug life cycle? In which part u involved?

Status of the bug assigned based on the scenario is bug life cycle. The status comprises of New, Open or reject, Reopen, Fixed, Retest and Close. I involve in New, Reopen and Close.

63) What is test summery report and it content?

Overall testing status

Number of module tested

Number of bugs identified

64) What report u generate after completing testing?

Test Result Record

Test summery report

Defect report

Release plan

Test review record

OR

Test Report Document

Bug List

Test Case Summary report

65) What is Usability and Compatibility testing?

Usability Testing:

Usability testing comes under system testing. Here mainly testers are concentrating on whether there is user-friendliness in the build or nor?

It classified in to 2 types

1. User Interface Testing:

Here testers concentrate on whether there is look&feel, ease of use in all the screens of the application build?

2. Manual Support Testing:

Here tester’s concentrates on correctness and completeness of help documents in the build.

Compatibility Testing:

Testers validates whether the build is working under all the customer expected platforms

66) What are test entry and test exit criteria?

Entry Criteria: All system docs like s/w, h/w, installation manual release, Test Build Release, Build release meeting of testers.

Exit Criteria: All test cases executed according to entry criteria and build is successful.

67) What is Build and what is Installation testing?

Installation Testing:

Testing different approach of installation, checking all the controls properly registered in the system registry.

Build Testing:

Release of alpha or beta version of system or testing of system after different build or version of the system

68) What is review checklist?

Preparing the things needed to be reviewed. Where review is the discussion about the project or application

69) What templates used to design the test cases?

To design test cases there are templates for writing test cases. In the Templates there is serial number; action to be performed, test data, expected result, actual result and defect id has to be given.

70) What is regression testing?

Regression testing is testing the modified build, whether it is effecting the application or due to modified build any new bugs are raised.

71) What are the different test techniques?

Use case

SRS

FS

Boundary value analysis

Equivalence Partitioning

Error guessing

72) What is the difference between Functional requirement and business requirements?

Functional requirement gives the description of each and every function of the system to work according to the scope of the SRS

Business requirement is the requirements that are not in SRS but there has to be implemented in the system to get the scope of the system

73) What is the difference between SRS and FS?

SRS is the system requirements specification provided the client giving the scope of the system

FS carries out the functional specification of the system describing each and every function by the system.

74) What is testing life Cycle and Explain different phases?

Testing Requirement: Gather all type of requirements and scope of the application from SRS.

2. Testing Design: Writing test cases for each functionality of the application provided in FS.

3. Test Execution: Executing all test cases to find if there exists any bug.

4. Test Reporting: Analysis of the whole system testing

5. Test Deliverable: Test report has to be generated to validate the system.

75) What is the diff. Between Waterfall and Spiral model?

The waterfall model the process goes to the next step after completion of the previous step as first requirement then design then coding then implementation then maintenance but here is no end user feedback taken to consideration any change in SRS will result to start work fro first step and goes step by step again.

But in case of Spiral model for each and every step there is testing for that step carry on simultaneously after finishing that step so that it will easy to recover any

Error and fix it there. In this model we don’t have to start work from beginning

76) What type of documents can u prepare during Testing?

1. Test Plan: A formal test plan is a document that provides and records important information about a test project, for example: Resources, Schedule & Timeline, Test

Milestones, Use cases and/or Test cases

2. Test Case: A set of test inputs, execution conditions and expected results.

3. Test Data: The actual (set of) values used in the test or that are necessary to execute the test.

4. Test Scripts: is used to test a particular functionality (business rule). It may consist of 1 or more Test Cases.

5. Test Log: A chronological record of all relevant details about the execution of a test

6. Bug Reports: Contains a summary of the bug, its priority and other details regarding the bug.

77) What is exactly a traceability matrix?

A document showing the relationship between Test Requirements and Test Cases.

78) What is a show stopper?

Showstopper is a bug which having highest priority and highest severity.

If an S/W or application contains any showstopper bug, it can’t be release into market.

Last test case for project will be written in which phase?

As far as the SDLC is concerned last test case will be written for "Maintenance Phase"

As far as the STLC is concerned last test case will be written for "Acceptance Testing"

79) Difference between application testing and product testing?

Product testing means when any company does testing for their own (company's) product ex... Norton Antivirus is the Symantec's product; if Symantec test the Norton i.e. called as the Product testing.

Where as if any company take some projects from some other companies like ABC company takes projects from IBM and test that project on some charges i.e. called as Application Testing.

80) While writing the test cases how can we know whether we wrote all the test cases or not

By using RTM (requirement traceability matrix) we can map test cases, so that we can easily identify whether we have covered all the test cases which is mentioned in the requirement

OR

RTM ID For a particular Module covers all the functionalities (Test Cases).

So that Missing or Wrong Functionalities could be Identified.

81) What is Database Testing?

In database testing one can consider/verify the

1. Database Table/Field/SPs Naming Conventions.

2. Database design... is it normalized enough?

3. Database field size.

4. Database field type.

5. Stored Procedures return type, arguments etc.

6. Relationship between tables. Primary, Foreign Key.

7. Constraints in Database

Common interview question

82) What is the difference between webs based application and client server application as a tester’s point of view?

According to Tester's Point of view------

1) Web Base Application (WBA) is a 3 tier application; Browser, Back end and Server.

Client server Application (CSA) is a 2 tier Application; Front End, Back end.

2) In the WBA tester test for the Script error like java script error VB script error etc, that shown at the page. In the CSA tester does not test for any script error.

3) Because in the WBA once changes perform reflect at every machine so tester has less work for test. Whereas in the CSA every time application need to be install hence ,it maybe possible that some machine has some problem for that Hardware testing as well as software testing is needed.

83) What is Buddy testing?

Due to lack of time and lack of test data test engineers grouped with developers to conduct test on application as early as possible this style of testing. "Buddy means group of programmers and testers".

84) Give the good example for static and dynamic testing?

Static testing means Testing without execution (e.g.: reviews i.e., meetings)

Dynamic testing means Testing on Execution (e.g.: System testing, unit testing etc)

OR

STATIC TESTING: This type of testing is done during Verification process. It does not need computer, testing of a program is done without executing the program.

Ex: Reviewing, walkthrough...

DYNAMIC TESTING: This testing is needs computer. It is done during Validation process. The software is tested executing it on computer.

Ex: Unit testing, integration testing, system testing...

85) What are the Black box Testing Techniques?

The most popular Black box testing techniques are:-

1. Equivalence Partitioning.

2. Boundary Value Analysis.

3. Cause-Effect Graphing.

4. Error-Guessing.

86) Explain the different types of bugs.....?

Different types of bugs are

1. Missing of functionality

2. User interface bugs

3. Boundary related bugs

4. Calculation bugs

5. Race conditions (hanging of system bcoz dead lock)

6. Version control bugs.......etc

87) Define cosmic bug.

Cosmatic bug is nothing but very minor bug; it is like look and feel bug.

For E.g.: In your web based application, background color is very dull color.

88) I HAV BEEN TO ONE INTERVIEW FEW DAYS BACK, they ASK ME " TELL ME THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANUAL & AUTOMATION TESTING" CAN ANYONE PLASE TELL ME THE PROPER ANS FOR THE SAME

MANUAL TESTING:

1. Manual testing is less expensive then automation testing

2. Manual testing didn’t require any special knowledge like as automation.

3. Adhoc, monkey, GUI testing cannot be done with automation testing

4. Sometimes some errors are being left by the automation which could be caught by the manual test

5. Any object which is not recognizing by the automated tool such object testing is also done by manual testing.

AUTOMATION TESTING;

1. Automation testing is fast compared to manual when we are doing testing on large projects.

2. Automation testing is Reliable as it is free from human errors.

3. Automation testing is repeatable as we can perform same kind of tests.

4. Using automation testing we can reuse script for future projects or other modules.

5. using automation testing we can program which help us to get hidden information.

89) What is Test Suite?

In software engineering, a test suite (more formally known as a validation suite) is a collection of test cases that are intended to be used as input to a software program to show that it has some specified set of behaviors (i.e., the behaviors listed in its specification).

90) Can u please tell what is mean by manual testing and how it is done?

Manual Testing is validating the software, functioning as per the requirement.

This can be done only by understanding the requirement clearly.

Giving input to the software manually and verifying the output.

91) What is deferred in defect life cycle?

New defect

>>open by T.L. /P.M.

>>If deferred >>

No>> fixed by developers >> retesting >> closed

Yes >> postponed for next version.

OR

Deferred status means fix it as a genuine defect but decided to rectify in next version. All the deferred defects will be kept in product enhancement document

92) Difference between Severity & Priority?

Severity is seriousness of the bug

Where

Priority is how fast the bug should be rectified?

93) What is test phase?

Test Phases are

Test Plan

Test Design

Test execution

Defect Tracking & Test Report

94) What is difference between stress testing and load testing?

Load testing: During this type of testing testers will run the application on user required load to verify the performance of the application?

Stress testing: During this type of testing testers will run the app by adding some extra load to an app to find out the break down point or maximum capacity of the app which is under testing?

95) What is accessibility testing?

Accessibility testing is the process of testing whether a valid user has permission to use particular service or not

96) What is testing techniques, testing methodology, test packs, how are they differentiated?

Testing Technique is the procedure you undertake to test given software for example black box and white box testing.

Testing methodologies are the ways in which you test a software such as unit testing, integration testing.

Test Packs are the complete set of test cases and test scenarios for testing given software.

97) Explain v- model? Why we call this model as v-model, not a u-model?

V Model stands for Test Strategy (verification vs. Validation)

Here Development & Testing Activities are in parallel

98) What is difference between load, stress and performance??? Can u explain me with example???

Load and Stress Testing are a part of Performance testing.

Load Testing: Apply a maximum level of load to the system, i.e., if database then load a maximum no of data in to the table or in case of website try with maximum no of user and see whether the system is satisfying its load level according to the specification.

Stress Testing: Apply the maximum stress to the system and see at what level the system crash. i.e., if the specification is to run the system in 128 MB RAM then try running the system in 64 MB RAM and 256 MB RAM and check the stress level.

99) What are stubs and drivers?

A stub is a piece of software that works similar to the unit which is referenced by the unit being tested

Driver - A Piece of code that passes the test case to another piece of code. Driver Program only calls the function being developed but possibly many times to test

Its behavior on the variety of parameters.

100) What is meant by beta testing?

Beta testing is performed after Alpha testing.

1. In Beta testing product is given to a trusted customer and testing is done at customer's site.

2. Devoloper is not present.

3. Live application environment cannot be controlled by developer.

4. Customer records all problems encountered and reports to developer at regular

Intervals.

101) how can u map SDLC With STLC?

sdlc means that software development life cycle.It contais various phases for developing a software.The phases are analysis,desin,coding,testing and maitences.In each phase software will develop step by step.

stlc means that software testing life cycle model.It contains various kinds of steps for testing that is test plan,test stratigies,usecase,testcase,execution of testcase,bugreport,log a bug, verified .This kind of all steps used for testing.